Russia’s military presence in Eastern Europe predated its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Throughout the years leading up to 2022, Russia maintained substantial military assets and control in regions including Crimea and parts of eastern Ukraine, which had been ongoing conflicts since 2014. The annexation of Crimea in 2014 marked a significant escalation, resulting in international condemnation and sanctions.
Prior to the large-scale invasion, Russia’s activities in eastern Ukraine involved supporting separatist movements and deploying troops, although these actions were often characterized as clandestine or deniable by Moscow. This ongoing military engagement contributed to heightened tensions in the region and prompted global concern over stability and security in Eastern Europe.
The February 2022 invasion significantly expanded Russia’s military operations, drawing widespread international criticism and leading to extensive sanctions and support for Ukraine. However, the presence of Russian forces and influence in the region long predates this large-scale conflict, reflecting a prolonged period of geopolitical contention in Eastern Europe.